(Translate: Laurie Bauer (2007), The Linguistics Student's Handbook.
For language is not complete in any speaker it exists perfectly only within a collectivity. It is a storehouse filled by the members of a given community through their active use of speaking, a grammatical system that has a potential existence in each brain, or, more specifically, in the brains of a group of individuals. (translate: Mary Elizabeth Meek), University of Miami, Florida, p. They are, indeed, only grasped within these combinations." (Emile Benveniste (1971), Problems in General Linguistics.
By this is meant primarily the structure of the linguistic system gradually revealed, starting from the principle that a language always has a limited number of basic elements, but that these elements, few in number in themselves, yield a large number of combinations. Here is the second key term in linguistics - structure.
It is made up of formal elements put together in variable combinations, according to certain principles of structure. de Saussure, linguists began to envisage language in and of itself, they recognized what was to become the basic for any language, no matter in what culture it is in use, at whatever historical forms of expression, language is a systematic arrangement of parts. "Language furnishes the best proof that a law accepted by a community is a thing that is tolerated and not a rule to which all freely consent. Parole (the speech of an individual) is an external manifestation of language."Ī linguistic system is a series of differences of sound combined with a series of differences of ideas." Every language is a complete system of signs. "A sign is the basic unit of language (a given language at a given time).
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